Determining the optimal insemination time of bitches
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14409/favecv.2022.0.e0005Palabras clave:
perras, momento de inseminación, cría de perrosResumen
En la actualidad, criar perros requiere una aproximación competente y con base científica. En particular, la elección del momento óptimo de inseminación (tanto natural como artificial) es uno de los factores más importantes para el éxito en el apareamiento o inseminación de perras, y es crucial para problemas de infertilidad. El período de fertilización (tiempo en el cual los ovocitos pueden ser fertilizados) es de 2 a 5 días luego de la ovulación. Por ende, la cópula debería realizarse inmediatamente antes o durante este período. El momento óptimo puede determinarse utilizando varios métodos que estiman el período de fertilidad (cuando la cópula/inseminación tiene máximas chances de concepción). Sin embargo, ninguna de las técnicas diagnósticas es absolutamente confiable, por lo que para un resultado lo más certero posible se recomienda sar varios (dos o tres) estudios. Por ejemplo: contar los días, examen de descarga vulvar y vaginal sumado a frotis y/o vaginoscopía. La cópula control incrementa las chances de concepción, y debe realizarse el día después de la primera cópula. Debe considerarse que el momento de ovulación en la misma perra en distintos celos puede ser diferente. Para perras con problemas de concepción debe usarse el máximo número de métodos con un análisis de intentos pasados fallidos o exitosos. La elección de un método específico implica un aspecto económico, tal como cuando el propietario debe trasladar la perra una larga distancia y necesitan saber la fecha exacta de ovulación.
Descargas
Citas
Allen VJ. 2002. Polnyj kurs akusherstva i ginekologii sobak (2-e izd.) [Complete course in obstetrics and gynecology of dogs (2nd ed.)]. Akvarium LTD, Moskva. Рр. 126-134 (in Russian).
Antonov A, Dineva Z, Georgiev P. 2014. Vlijanie na ovarialnata aktivnost v"rhu elektricheskoto s"protivlenie na vlagalishteto pri kuchkata po vreme na proestrus i estrus [Influence of ovarian activity on the electrical resistance of the vagina in the bitch during proestrus and estrus]. Journal of Mountain Agriculture on the Balkans 17: 1070-1086.
Arlt S. 2018. Canine ovulation timing: A survey on methodology and an assessment on reliability of vaginal cytology. Reprod. Dom. Anim. 53: 53-62.
Badinand F, Fontbonne A, Maurel MC, Siliart B. 1993. Fertilization time in the bitch in relation to plasma concentration of oestradiol, progesterone and luteinizing hormone and vaginal smears. J. Reprod. Fertility 47: 63-67.
Barbosa CC, Souza MB, Scalercio SR, Silva TF, Domingues SF, Silva LD. 2013. Ovarian and uterine periovulatory Doppler ultrasonography in bitches. Pes. Vet. Bras. 33: 1144-1150.
Bartlewski PM, Beard AP, Rawlings NC. 1999. The relationship between vaginal mucous impedance and serum concentrations of estradiol and progesterone throughout the sheep estrous cycle. Theriogenology 51: 813-827.
Bell ET, Bailey JB, Christie DW. 1973. Studies on vaginal cytology during the canine oestrous cycle. Res. Vet. Sci. 14: 173-182.
Berezovs'kyj AV, Harenko MI (Ed.). 2017. Fiziologija ta patologija rozmnozhennja dribnyh tvaryn (2-ge vyd.) [Physiology and pathology of reproduction of small animals (2nd ed.)]. Polissja, Zhytomyr, 392 pp. (in Ukrainian).
Bergeron LH, Nykamp SG, Brisson BA, Madan P, Gartley CJ. 2013. An evaluation of B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonography for detecting periovulatory events in the bitch. Theriogenology 79: 274-283.
Bergeron LH, Nykamp SG, Brisson BA, Madan P, Sears W, Gartley CJ. 2014. Vaginal impedometry for detection of optimal breeding time in bitches. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 245: 1360-1366.
Bicudo ALC, Mamprim MJ, Lopes MD, Vulcano LC, Derussi AAP. 2010. Conventional ultrasound examination and Dopplerfluxometry of ovarian of bitch, during the follicular phase of the oestral cycle. Veterinaria e Zootecnia 17: 507-518.
Bordjugov KS, Bordjugova SS, Kot VS. 2013. Rizni metody vyznachennja ovuljacii' u sobak [Different methods for determining ovulation in dogs]. Visnyk Poltavs'koi' Derzhavnoi' Agrarnoi' Akademii' 1: 116-119 (in Ukrainian).
Bouchard GF, Solorzano N, Concannon PW, Youngquist RS, Bierschwal CJ. 1991. Determination of ovulation time in bitches based on teasing, vaginal cytology, and ELISA for progesterone. Theriogenology 35: 603-611.
Boyd JS, Renton JP, Harvey MJ, Nickson DA, Eckersall PD, Ferguson JM. 1993. Problems associated with ultrasonography of the canine ovary around the time of ovulation. J. Reprod. Fertility 47: 101-105.
Braat D, Smeenk J, Manger A, Thomas C, Veersema S, Merkus J. 1998. Saliva test as ovulator predictor. Lancet 352: 1283-1284.
Concannon PW, DiGregorio GB. 1986. Canine vaginal cytology. In: Burke T (Ed.). Small Animal Reproduction and Infertility. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia. Pp. 96-111.
Concannon PW, Hansel W, McEnteе K. 1977. Changes in LH, progesterone and sexual behavior associated with preovulatory luteinization in the bitch. Biol. Reprod. 17: 604-613.
Concannon PW. 2011. Reproductive cycles of the domestic bitch. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 124: 200-210.
Davidenko NG, Ponomarenko VP. 2016. Issledovanie urovnja progesterona v krovi metodom immunofermentnogo analiza dlja opredelenija srokov ovuljacii u suk [Study of the level of progesterone in the blood by enzyme immunoassay to determine the timing of ovulation in bitches]. Zhivotnovodstvo i Veterinarnaja Medicina 3: 21-24 (in Russian).
Davidson AP. 2007. Sovremennaja koncepcija besplodija suk [The modern concept of bitches infertility]. Waltham Focus. P. 13 (in Russian).
De Gier J, Kooistra HS, Djajadiningrat-Laanen SC, Dieleman SJ, Okkens AC. 2006. Temporal relations between plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol-17β, progesterone, prolactin, and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone during the follicular, ovulatory, and early luteal phase in the bitch. Theriogenology 65: 1346-1359.
Derkach SS. 2011. Diagnostyka optymal'nogo chasu osimeninnja suk (kliniko-eksperymental'ni dani): avtoreferat dysertacii' [Diagnostics of the optimal hour for females (clinical and experimental data): abstract of dissertation]. NUBiP, Kyi'v. 24 pp (in Ukrainian).
Djul'ger GP, Djul'ger PG. 2018. Fiziologija razmnozhenija i reproduktivnaja patologija sobak (3-e izd.) [Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Pathology in Dogs (3rd ed.)]. Lan', Sankt-Peterburg. Pp. 50-79 (in Russian).
Dobrjanskaja MS, Harina LV. 2019. Opredelenie optimal'nogo sroka vjazki sobak [Determining the optimal mating time for dogs]. In: Molodezhnaja Nauka – Garant Innovacionnogo Razvitija APK (pp. 69-73) (in Russian).
Eker K, Salmanolu MR. 2006. Ultrasonographic monitoring of follicular development ovulation and corpora lutea formation in a bitch. Turkish J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 30: 589-592.
England G, Concannon DW. 2002. Determination of the optimal breeding time in the bitch-basic considerations. In: PW Concannon, G England, J Verstegen and C LindeForsberg (Eds.). Recent advances in Small Animal Reproduction. International Veterinary Information Service, Ithaca, New York, USA. Disponível em: <http://www.ivis.org.
England GCW, Allen WE. 1989. Crystallization patterns in anterior vaginal fluid from bitches in oestrus. J. Reprod. Fertility 86: 335-339.
England GCW, Russo M, Freeman SL. 2009. Follicular dynamics, ovulation and conception rates in bitches. Reprod. Dom. Anim. 44: 53-58.
England GCW. 1992. Vaginal cytology and cervico vaginal mucus arborisation in the breeding management of bitches. J. Small Anim. Practice 33: 577-582.
Fáy J, Mező T, Solti L, Wölfling A, Abonyi-Tóth Z. 2003. Comparison of different methods used for oestrus examination in the bitch. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 51: 385-394.
Fedotov SV, Koljadina NI, Borunova SM. 2014. Sovershenstvovanie diagnostiki sostojanija jaichnikov u suk pri razlichnyh stadijah polovogo cikla [Improving the diagnosis of the ovarian state in bitches at various stages of the reproductive cycle]. Vestnik AGAU 5: 130-135 (in Russian).
Fontbon A. 1999. Oshibki pri analize mazkov, poluchennyh z vlagalishha u sobak [Errors in analysis of vaginal smears in dogs]. Veterinar 10-12: 24-30 (in Russian).
Fontbonne A. 2011. Infertility in bitches and queens: recent advances. Rev. Bras. Reprod. Anim. 35: 202-209.
Freshman JL. 1991. Clinical approach to infertility in the cycling bitch. Vet. Clin. North Am.: Small Anim. Pract. 21: 427-435.
Garm O, Skjerven O. 1952. Studies on cervical mucus for early diagnosis of pregnancy and endocrine changes in the reproductive cycle in domestic animals. Nordisk Veterinaermedicin 4: 1098-1103.
Goodman M. 2001. Ovulation timing: Concepts and controversies. Vet. Clin. North Am.: Small Anim. Pract. 31: 219-235.
Grishina DJ, Minjuk LA. 2016. Citologicheskoe issledovanie vlagalishhnogo mazka u sobak [Cytological examination of vaginal smears in dogs]. Vestnik NGAU 4: 134-137 (in Russian).
Groppetti D, Aralla M, Bronzo V, Bosi G, Pecile A, Arrighi S. 2015. Periovulatory time in the bitch: What's new to know?: Comparison between ovarian histology and clinical features. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 152: 108-116.
Günzel A-R, Koivisto P, Fougner J. 1986. Electrical resistance of vaginal secretion in the bitch. Theriogenology 25: 559-570.
Gűrler H, Koldas E, Binli F, Akçay A. (2018). Efficiency of vaginal electrical impedance to determine the stage of the reproductive cycle in bitches. Medycyna Weterynaryjna 74: 179-181.
Hahn SE, Jo YK, Jin YK, Jang G. 2017. Timing of fertile period for successful pregnancy in American Bully dogs. Theriogenology 104: 49-54.
Harper DL. 2000. Thermography in veterinary medicine. Inframation 1: 1-6.
Hase M, Hori T, Kawakami E, Tsutsui T. 2000. Plasma LH and progesterone levels before and after ovulation and observation of ovarian follicles by ultrasonographic diagnosis system in dogs. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 62: 243-248.
Hayer P, Günzel-Apel AR, Lüerssen D, Hoppen HO. 1993. Ultrasonographic monitoring of follicular development, ovulation and the early luteal phase in the bitch. J. Reprod. Fertility 47: 93-100.
Hewitt D, England G. 2000. Assessment of optimal mating time in the bitch. In Practice 22: 24-33.
Hiemstra M, Schaefers-Okkens AC, Teske E, Kooistra HS. 2001. The reliability of vaginal cytology in determining the optimal mating time in the bitch. Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde 126: 685-689.
Hollinshead FK, Hanlon DW. 2019. Normal progesterone profiles during estrus in the bitch: A prospective analysis of 1420 estrous cycles. Theriogenology 125: 37-42.
Hori T, Tsutsui T, Amano Y, Concannon PW. 2012. Ovulation day after onset of vulval bleeding in a beagle colony. Reprod. Dom. Anim. 47: 47-51.
Inglend D. 2006. Ul'trazvukove doslіdzhennja reproduktivnih organіv suk [Ultrasound of the reproductive organs of bitches]. Zdorov’ja dribnyh tvaryn 4: 8-10 (in Ukrainian).
Jang JS, Kim IH, Lee KC, Kang HG. 2013. The relationship between vaginal mucous electric resistance and plasma progesterone concentration for optimal mating time in Beagle bitches. J. Biomed. Res. 14: 18-22.
Jeffcoat IA, Lindsay FEF. 1989. Ovulation detection and timing of insemination based on hormone concentrations, vaginal cytology and the endoscopic appearance of the vagina in domestic bitches. J. Reprod. Fertility 39 277-287.
John SM, Thomas GN. 2015. Ovaries and uterus. Small animal diagnostic ultrasound. WB Saunders. Pp. 634-654.
Johnston SD, Olson PN, Root MV. 1994. Clinical approach to infertility in the bitch. Seminars in veterinary medicine and surgery (small animal) 9: 2-6.
Johnston SD, Root MV. 1995. Serum progesterone timing of ovulation in the bitch. In: Proceedings of Society for Theriogenology: 29-30 September 1995; Nashville, Tennessee/USA. Pp. 195-203.
Jurczak A, Janowski T. 2018. Arterial ovarian blood flow in the periovulatory period of GnRH-induced and spontaneous estrous cycles of bitches. Theriogenology 119: 131-136.
Karnouhova OM. 2011a. Likvidacija besplodija u suk [Elimination of infertility in bitches]. Vestnik Donskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta 1: 45-50 (in Russian).
Karnouhova OM. 2011b. Opredelenie vremeni nastuplenija ovuljacii po otnosheniju k nachalu jestrusa [Determining the time of onset of ovulation in relation to the onset of estrus]. Vestnik Michurinskogo Gosudarstvennogo Agrarnogo Universiteta 2: 189-192 (in Russian).
Kim BS, Lee SA, Ko JS, Hwang SS, Park CH, Oh KS, Son CH. 2005. Estimation of ovulation and optimal breeding time based on reproductive hormone in shih-tzu bitches. J. Vet. Clin. 22: 253-258.
Koshevoj VP, Fedorenko SJ, Ivanchenko MM, Naumenko SV, Besedovs'ka KS, Skljarov PM. 2013. Termografichna diagnostyka u veterynarnomu akusherstvi, ginekologii' ta andrologii' (metodychni rekomendacii') [Thermographic diagnostics in veterinary obstetrics, gynecology and andrology (methodical recommendations)]. RVV HDZVA, Harkiv. 52 рр. (in Ukrainian).
Koval'ov PV. 2003. Cytologichna kartyna mazkiv iz pihvy suk [Cytological picture of smears and bitches]. Naukovyj visnyk Sums'kogo nacional'nogo agrarnogo universytetu. 9: 48-50 (in Ukrainian).
Kustric MVR, Dzhonston SD. 2005. Ispol'zovanie progesterona syvorotki krovi dlja reguljacii vremeni ovuljacii u suk [Use of serum progesterone to regulate ovulation time in bitches]. In: Bonagura JD (Ed.). Sovremennyj kurs veterinarnoj mediciny Kirka [Kirk's modern veterinary medicine course]. Akvarium-Print, Moskva. Pp. 1004-1005 (in Russian).
Labib FM, Mansour HH, Mahdy AB, Abdallah AA. 2018. Predicting the optimal time of breeding and the possible approaches for treatment of some estrus cycle abnormalities in bitches. Slovenian Vet. Res. 55: 125-135.
Leidl W, Stolla R. 1976. Measurement of electrical resistance of the vaginal mucus as an aid for heat detection. Theriogenology 6: 237-249.
Lévy X, Fontbonne A. 2007. Determining the optimal time of mating in bitches: particularities. Rev. Bras. Reprod. Anim. 31: 128-134.
Linde C, Karlsson I. 1984. The correlation between the cytology of the vaginal smear and the time of ovulation in the bitch. J. Small Anim. Pract. 25: 77-82.
Lindsay FEF, Concannon PW. 1986. Normal canine vaginoscopy. In: Burke T (Ed.). Small Animal Reproduction and Infertility. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia. Рр. 112-120.
Lindsay FEF. 1983. The normal endoscopic appearance of the caudal reproductive tract of the cyclic and non-cyclic bitch: postuterine endoscopy. J. Small Anim. Pract. 249: 1-15.
Ljubec'kyj VJ, Derkach SS, Myhajljuk MM, Val'chuk OA. 2010. Dynamika elektroprovidnosti u biologichno aktyvnyh tochkah shkiry pid chas tichky u suk [Dynamics of electrical conductivity in biologically active points of the skin during heat in bitches]. Naukovi dopovidi NUBiP Ukrai'ny 3 [Electronic resource]. Access mode: http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/t-journals/Nd/2010-3/titul.htlm (in Ukrainian).
Luño V, Gil L, Jerez RA, Malo C, González N, Grandía J, de Blas I. 2013. Determination of ovulation time in sows based on skin temperature and genital electrical resistance changes. Vet. Rec. 172: 579.
Marseloo N, Fontbonne A, Bassu G, Riviere S, Leblanc B, Rault D, Biourge V, Chastant-Maillard S. 2004. Comparison of ovarian ultrasonography with hormonal parameters for the determination of the time of ovulation in bitches. In: 5. International Symposium on Canine and Feline Reproduction, Aug 2004, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Рp. 75-77.
Masalovych YS, Val'chuk OA, Derkach SS. 2018. Osoblyvosti arboryzacii' sekretu slyzovyh obolonok u koriv [Features of arborization to the secretion of mucous membranes in cows]. Naukovi dopovidi NUBiP Ukrai'ny 1. Access mode: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Nd_2018_1_28 (in Ukrainian).
Miroljubov MG, Ivanov VV, Ravilov RH. 2003. Iskusstvennoe osemenenie sobak [Artificial insemination of dogs]. KGAVMB, Kazan'. 23 рр.
Morrow DA. 1986. Current therapy in theriogenology. In: Patricia N, Olson PWH (Eds.). Breeding management for optimal reproductive efficiency in the bitch and stud dog. 2nd ed. WB Saunders company, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Pp. 463-468.
Moxon R, Batty H, Irons G, England GC. 2012. Periovulatory changes in the endoscopic appearance of the reproductive tract and teasing behaviour in the bitch. Theriogenology 78: 1907-1916.
Moxon R, Copley D, England GC. 2010. Quality assurance of canine vaginal cytology: a preliminary study. Theriogenology 74: 479-485.
Nishiyama T, Kinugasa T, Kimura T, Watanabe G, Taya K, Tsumagari S, Takeishi M. 1999. Determination of optimal time for mating by artificial insemination with chilled semen using luteinizing hormone surge as an indicator in beagles. J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc. 35: 348-352.
Nizanski W, Klimowicz M, Dubiel A. 2004. Artificial insemination in bitches: intrauterine insemination technique, insemination dose and determining the optimal time of insemination. Medycyna Weterynaryjna 60: 915-919.
Niżanski W. 2004.Ustalanie optymalnego terminu krycia i sztucznej inseminacji suk. Weterynaria w Praktyce 1: 6-10.
Okkens AC, Dieleman SJ, Vogel F. 1985. Determination of the ovulation period in the dog. A comparison of the rapid progesterone assay, vaginoscopy and vaginal cytology. In: Proc. Voorjaarsdagen (pp. 26-27). Royal Netherlands Vet. Assoc.
Olğaç KT, Akçay E, Çil B, Uçar BM, Daşkın A. 2017. The use of infrared thermography to detect the stages of estrus cycle and ovulation time in anatolian shepherd dogs. J. Anim. Sci. Technol. 59: 21.
Papanicolau GN. 1942. A new procedure for staining vaginal smears. Science 95: 438-439.
Pardo-Carmona B, Moyano MR, Fernández-Palacios R, Pérez-Marín CC. 2010. Kristallizacija sljuny kak sposob opredelenija optimal'nogo vremeni vjazki suk [Saliva crystallization as a way to determine the optimal mating time for bitches]. J. Small Anim. Pract. (Russian edition). 51: 437-442 (in Russian).
Perez CC, Rodriguez I, Dorado J, Hidalgo M. 2005. Use of ultrafast Papanicolau stain for exfoliative vaginal cytology in bitches. Vet. Rec. 156: 648-650.
Phemister RD, Holst PA, Spano JS, Hopwood LM. 1973. Time of ovulation in the beagle bitch. Biol. Reprod. 8: 74-82.
Pibo B, P'erson F. 2002. Opredelenie koncentracii progesterona v reprodukcii sobak [Determination of progesterone concentration in dog reproduction]. Veterinar 2: 42-44 (in Russian).
Plemjashov KV, Plahova AI. 2018. Metody opredelenija vremeni vjazki u sobak [Methods for determining mating time in dogs]. Mezhdunarodnyj vestnik veterinarii 2: 106-112 (in Russian).
Plemjashov KV, Bazhenova NB, Smyshljaev IV, Ladanova MA, Bogdanova SS. 2016. Opredelenie optimal'nyh srokov vjazki u sobak pri issledovanii vaginal'nyh mazkov [Determining the optimal timing of mating in dogs when examining vaginal smears]. Voprosy normativno-pravovogo regulirovanija v veterinarii 4: 132-133 (in Russian).
Purohit RC. 2008. Use of thermography in veterinary medicine. Rehabilitation Medicine and Thermography. Impress Publications, Wilsonville, OR. Рр. 129-144.
Radohlib GM, Krajevs'kyj AJ. 2014. Zminy klitynnogo skladu vaginal'nyh mazkiv suk u rizni fazy statevogo cyklu [Changes in the cellular composition of vaginal swabs of bitches in different phases of the sexual cycle]. Visnyk Sums'kogo nacional'nogo agrarnogo universytetu 6: 199-202 (in Ukranian).
Raeside JI, McDonald MF. 1959. Arborization of cervical mucus in the ewe. J. Endocrinol. 18: 350-358.
Ramos SD, Lee JM, Peuler JD. 2001. An inexpensive meter to measure differences in electrical resistance in the rat vagina during the ovarian cycle. J. Appl. Physiol. 91: 667-670.
Rao KS, Raju KGS, Reddy KCS. 2011. Vaginal cytology, vaginoscopy and progesterone profile: breeding tools in bitches. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences 25: 51-54.
Rekant SI, Lyons MA, Pacheco JM, Arzt J, Rodriguez LL. 2016. Veterinary applications of infrared thermography. Am. J. Vet. Res. 77: 98-107.
Renton JP, Boyd JS, Harvey MJ, Ferguson JM, Nickson DA, Eckersall PD. 1992. Comparison of endocrine changes and ultrasound as means of identifying ovulation in the bitch. Res. Vet. Sci 53: 74-79.
Rocha Fonseca BDC. 2016. Estudio comparativo para detección de ovulación en hembras canina por citología vaginal, progesterona sèrica y detector draminski. Julio-Diciembre 2015 (Doctoral dissertation, Universidad Nacional Agraria).
Shabanah EH. 1960. Arborizations in cervical smears. Am. J. Obst. Gynecol. 79: 413-414.
Silva LD, Onclin K, Verstegen JP. 1996. Assessment of ovarian changes around ovulation in bitches by ultrasonography, laparoscopy and hormonal assays. Vet. Radiol. Ultrasound 37: 313-320.
Simões VG, Lyazrhi F, Picard-Hagen N, Gayrard V, Martineau GP, Waret-Szkuta A. 2014. Variations in the vulvar temperature of sows during proestrus and estrus as determined by infrared thermography and its relation to ovulation. Theriogenology 82: 1080-1085.
Simpson GM, England GCW, Harvey M. 2005. (Ed.). Rukovodstvo po reprodukcii i neonatologii sobak i koshek [Canine and Feline Reproduction and Neonatology Guide]. Sofion, Moskva, 280 рр. (in Russian).
Soljannikova DR, Brjuhin GV. 2017. Osobennosti arborizacii smeshannoj sljuny samok krys v raznye fazy polovogo cikla [Features of arborization of mixed saliva in female rats in different phases of the sexual cycle]. Mezhdunarodnyj nauchno-issledovatel'skij zhurnal 2: 36-46 (in Russian).
Sorokoletova VM, Shmidt JD. 2008. Analiz primenenija svezhej, ohlazhdennoj i kriokonservirovannoj spermy pri iskusstvennom osemenenii sobak (obzor inostrannoj literatury) [Analysis of the use of fresh, refrigerated and cryopreserved semen in artificial insemination of dogs (review of foreign literature)]. Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta 1: 66-69 (in Russian).
Sridevi P, Kirubaharan J, Veerapandian C, Raj GD. 2012. Development of a semi quantitative progesterone enzyme immunoassay for determination of ovulation time in bitches. International J. Vet. Sci. 1: 89-92.
Steckler D, Nöthling JO, Harper C. 2013. Prediction of the optimal time for insemination using frozen-thawed semen in a multi-sire insemination trial in bitches. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 142: 191-197.
Stekol'nikov A A, Plemjashov KV, Ladanova MA, Mebonija EG. 2018. Opredelenie srokov ovuljacii u suk [Determining the timing of ovulation in bitches]. Voprosy Normativno-pravovogo Regulirovanija v Veterinarii 2: 61-63 (in Russian).
Stelletta C, Fiore E, Vencato J, Morgante M, Gianesella M. 2012. Thermographic applications in veterinary medicine. In: Prakash RV (Ed.). Infrared Thermography. In: INTECH Open Access Publisher. https://www.intechopen.com/books/infrared-thermography/thermographic-applications-in-veterinary-medicine.
Sykes DJ, Couvillion JS, Cromiak A, Bowers S, Schenck E, Crenshaw M, Ryan PL. 2012. The use of digital infrared thermal imaging to detect estrus in gilts. Theriogenology 78: 147-152.
Talukder S, Kerrisk KL, Ingenhoff L, Thomson PC, Garcia SC, Celi P. 2014. Infrared technology for estrus detection and as a predictor of time of ovulation in dairy cows in a pasture-based system. Theriogenology 81: 925-935.
Thomas P. 2013. Breeding management and ovulation timing in the bitch. In: World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress Proceedings (March 6-9, 2013). Access mode: https://www.vin.com/apputil/content/defaultadv1.aspx?pId=11372&id=5709846.
Togoe D, Pascal M, Vitalaru A, Costea R, Birtoiu A. 2014. Optimization of reproductive biotechnologies in bitches by improving the protocols regarding establishment of the ovulation timing. Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine 60: 65-69.
Torrans J, Muni K. 2006. Jendokrinologija melkih domashnih zhivotnyh. Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo (3-e izd.) [Small animal endocrinology. A practical guide (3rd ed.)]. Akvarium-Print, Moskva. 312 рр (in Russian).
Tsutsui T. 1975. Studies on the reproduction in dog. III. Observations of vaginal smear in estrous cycle. Japanese J. Anim. Reprod. 21: 37-42.
Tsutsui T. 1988. Gamete physiology and timing of ovulation and fertilization in dogs. J. Reprod. Fertility 39: 269-275.
Uillard MD, Tvedten G, Tornval'd GG. 2004. Laboratornaja diagnostika v klinike melkih domashnih zhivotnyh [Laboratory diagnostics in the small animal clinic]. Akvarium Buk, Moskva. 432 рр. (in Russian).
Van Klaveren NJ, Kooistra HS, Dieleman SJ, Van Lith HA., Schaefers-Okkens AC. 2001. The optimal mating time in the bitch based on the progesterone concentration in peripheral blood. A comparison of reliability between three ELISA test kits and a 125-iodine radioimmunoassay. Tijdschrift Voor Diergeneeskunde 126: 680-685.
Von Heimendahl A, England GC. 2010. Determining breeding status. In: BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Reproduction and Neonatology. Pp. 44-50.
Voroncova AV. 2008. Vozmozhnye metody diagnostiki ovuljacii [Possible methods for diagnosing ovulation]. Ural'skij Medicinskij Zhurnal 2: 75-80 (in Russian).
Wallace SS, Mahaffey MB, Miller DM, Thompson FN, Chakraborty PK. 1992. Ultrasonographic appearance of the ovaries of dogs during the follicular and luteal phases of the estrous cycle. Am. J. Vet. Res. 53: 209.
Wright PJ. 1990. Application of vaginal cytology and plasma progesterone determinations to the management of reproduction in the bitch. J. Small Anim. Pract. 31: 335-340.
Wright PJ. 1991. Practical aspects of the estimation of the time of ovulation and of insemination in the bitch. Australian Vet. J. 68: 10-13.
Lévy X. 2016. Videovaginoscopy of the canine vagina. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 51: 31-36.
Yeager AE, Concannon PW. 1996. Ovaries. In: Green RW (Ed.). Small Animal Ultrasound. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia. Pp. 293-303.
Zoldag L, Kecskemethyl S, Nagy P. 1993. Heat progesterone profiles of bitches with ovulation failure. J. Reprod. Fertility 47: 562-563.
Zondek B, Cooper K. 1954. Cervical mucus in pregnancy: Inability of estrogen to produce arborization in pregnancy and its clinical significance. Obst. Gynecol. 4: 484-491.
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
FAVE Sección Ciencias Veterinarias ratifica el modelo Acceso Abierto en el que los contenidos de las publicaciones científicas se encuentran disponibles a texto completo libre y gratuito en Internet, sin embargos temporales, y cuyos costos de producción editorial no son transferidos a los autores. Esta política propone quebrar las barreras económicas que generan inequidades tanto en el acceso a la información, como en la publicación de resultados de investigaciones.
Los artículos de la revista son publicados en http://bibliotecavirtual.unl.edu.ar/publicaciones/index.php/FAVEveterinaria/issue/current/, en acceso abierto bajo licencia Creative CommonsAtribución-NoComercial-Compartir Igual 4.0 Internacional.
