First report of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in Santa Fe province, Argentina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14409/favecv.v18i2.8438Keywords:
ehrlichiosis, Ehrlichia canis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Santa Fe, ArgentinaAbstract
Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is a disease caused by Ehrlichia canis bacteria. It has a globally distributed and cause high mortality in domestic canines with nonspecific symptoms, which makes clinical diagnosis difficult. Eherlichia canis is transmitted to a host by the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato. In Argentina two lineages of this species are recognized (tropical and sensu stricto). The objective of this work is to report the first confirmed case of CME by E. canis in endemic area of R. sanguineus s.s from Rafaela, Santa Fe. On February 2, 2019 a canine arrived at the private clinic with non-specific symptoms such as late / night hyperthermia, depression, lethargy, aplasia, loss of appetite and weight loss, as well as, antecedent of tick parasitism. The pet had mild anemia (4,730,000/ m3), increased liver enzymes (AST/ASA/GOT = 72 U/l) and splenomegaly. The in vitro serological test and PCR to amplify E. canis DNA were positive, so the dog received treatment for CME with doxycycline 10 mg/kg/day for 30 days, anti-inflammatory for 5 days and liver protector. After 60 days of starting the treatment, the animal regained its normal weight and after 120 days the PCR have given negative result, checking the effectiveness of the treatment.
References
Cicuttin GL, De Salvo MN, Gury Dohmen FE. 2016. Molecular characterization of Ehrlichia canis infecting dogs, Buenos Aires. Ticks Tick-Borne Dis. 7: 954-957.
Cicuttin GL, Tarragona EL, De Salvo MN, Mangold AJ, Nava S. 2015. Infection with Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma platys (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) in two lineages of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Acari: Ixodidae) from Argentina. Ticks Tick-Borne Dis. 6: 724-729.
Cicuttin G, De Salvo MN, Silva DA, Brito M, Nava S. 2017. Ehrlichia canis (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) en garrapatas Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato del linaje templado (Acari. Ixodidae), provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. FAVE Sección Ciencias Veterinarias 16: 93-96.
Doyle CK, Labruna MB, Breitschwerdt EB, Tang Y, Corstvet RE, Hegarty BC, Bloch KC, Li P, Walker DH, McBride JW. 2005. Detection of medically important Ehrlichia by quantitative multicolor TaqMan real-time PCR of the dsb Gene. J. Mol. Diagn. 7: 504-510.
Eiras DF, Craviotto MB, Vezzani D, Eyal O, Baneth G. 2013. First description of natural Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma platys infections in dogs from Argentina. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Inf. Dis. 36: 169-173.
Hall TA. 1999. BioEdit: a user friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucl. Acids Symp. 41: 95-98.
Harrus S, Waner T. 2011. Diagnosis of canine monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis): an overview. Vet. J. 187: 292-296.
Harrus S & Waner T, Neer TM. 2012. Ehrlichia canis infection. En: Greene CE (eds.). Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat, Elsevier, Missouri. Pp. 227-238.
Little SE. 2010. Ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in dogs and cats. Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. 40: 1121–1140.
Moraes-Filho J, Marcili A, Nieri-Bastos F, Richtzenhain LJ, Labruna MB. 2011. Genetic analysis of ticks belonging to the Rhipicephalus sanguineus group in Latin America. Acta Trop. 117: 51-55.
Moraes-Filho J, Krawczak FS, Costa FB, Soares JF, Labruna MB. 2015. Comparative evaluation of the vector competence of four South American populations of the Rhipicephalus sanguineus Group for the bacterium Ehrlichia canis, the agent of Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis. Plos One 10: e0139386.
Monje LD, Fernandez C, Percara A. 2019. Detection of Ehrlichia sp. strain San Luis and Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae in Amblyomma parvum ticks. Ticks Tick-Borne Dis. 10: 111-114.
Mylonakis ME, Harrus S, Breitschwerdt EB. 2019. An update on the treatment of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis). Vet. J. 246: 45-53.
Nava S, Mastropaolo M, Venzal JM, Mangold AJ, Guglielmone AA. 2012. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Acari:Ixodidae) in the Southern Cone of South America. Vet. Parasitol. 190: 547-555.
Nava S, Beati L, Venzal JM, Labruna MB, Szabó MP, Petney T, Saracho-Botterop MN, Tarragona EL, Dantas-Torres F, Santos Silva MM, Mangol AJ, Guglielmone AA, Estrada-Peña A. 2018. Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806): neotype designation, morphological re-description of all parasitic stages and molecular characterization. Ticks Tick-Borne Dis. 9: 1573-1585.
Neer TM, Breitschwerdt EB, Greene RT, Lappin MR. 2002. Consensus statement on ehrlichial disease of small animals from the infectious disease study group of the ACVIM. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 16: 309-315.
Nosach N, Vesco C, Regonat M, Vartabedian A. 2018. Ehrlichia canis: revisión bibliográfica. Rev. Vet. 35 (368): 1-13.
Thompson CS, Mangold AJ, Félix ML, Carvalho L, Armúa-Fernández MT, Venzal J.M. 2018. Molecular evidence of Babesia species in Procyon cancrivorus (Carnivora, Procyonidae) in Uruguay. Vet. Parasitol. Reg. Stud. Reports 13: 230-233.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
FAVE Sección Ciencias Veterinarias ratifies the open access model, in which contents (in full) are available free to anyone in the internet. The costs of production and publication are not transfered to the authors. This policy intends to break social and economical barriers that generate inequities in the access to information, and for the publication of research results.
All articles can be accessed at http://bibliotecavirtual.unl.edu.ar/publicaciones/index.php/FAVEveterinaria/issue/current/, under license Creative CommonsAtribución-NoComercial-Compartir Igual 4.0 Internacional.
