Olas de calor: respuestas comportamentales y fisiológicas en vacas lecheras con provisión de sombras y refrescado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14409/favet.2025.1.e0054Palavras-chave:
Índice de Temperatura y Humedad, Monitoreo automatizado, ConductasResumo
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de las olas de calor sobre el comportamiento y la fisiología de vacas lecheras bajo un sistema con sombra y enfriamiento. Se analizaron dos eventos de ola de calor ocurridos durante el verano de 2023. Se monitorearon el tiempo de alimentación, rumia y la tasa respiratoria mediante collares sensores, y se calculó el índice de temperatura y humedad (ITH) horario. Se compararon los valores durante las olas de calor con los días subsiguientes sin estrés térmico. Además, se analizaron las correlaciones entre el ITH medio diario y las variables fisiológicas. En la primera ola de calor, el tiempo de alimentación disminuyó 36,6 min/d (p<0,001), la rumia 16 min/d (p=0,187) y la tasa respiratoria aumentó 81,9 min/d (p<0,001). En la segunda ola, se observó una reducción de 41,3 min/d en la alimentación (p<0,001), y aumentos de 11,6 min/d en rumia (p=0,083) y 55,1 min/d en tasa respiratoria (p<0,001). El ITH se correlacionó negativamente con el tiempo de alimentación (r = −0,592) y rumia (r = −0,344), y positivamente con la tasa respiratoria (r = 0,835). Estos resultados evidencian efectos fisiológicos y conductuales, incluso con estrategias de mitigación presentes
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Direitos autorais (c) 2025 Guillermo Daniel Toffoli, Perla Ester Leva, Lautaro Mendez, Dianela Costamagna, Patricia Melina Acetta, Ana Carolina Strappini
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