Oracular messages in Greek novels: religious element or narrative device?

Authors

  • Paloma Cortez

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14409/argos.2025.e0084

Keywords:

Greek novel, Oracle, Religion, Fiction

Abstract

This article compares the use of oracular messages in different Greek novels: An Ephesian Tale by Xenophon of Ephesus (1st century), An Aethiopian Story by Heliodorus (3rd-4th centuries) and Rhodante and Dosikles by Theodore Prodromos (12th century). A tension emerges between the narrative necessity of introducing an oracle to advance the plot and the interests of certain characters or narrators, which at times conflict with narrative functionality. Comparing the selected scenes raises the question of whether the oracle is incorporated as a religious element or as just another literary topos.

References

Ediciones

BERNARDAKIS, G. N. (1891). Plutarch. Moralia. Leipzig.

DALMEYDA, G. (1962). Xénophon d'Éphèse. Les Éphésiaques ou le roman d'Habrocomès et d'Anthia, Paris: Les Belles Lettres. (Originalmente publicado en 1926).

GAULMIN, G. (1625). Theodori Prodromi philosophi Rhodanthes et Dosiclis amorum libri IX. Tussan du Bray.

LUMB, T. W., MAILLON, J. Y RATTENBURY, R. M. (1960) Héliodore. Les Éthiopiques (Théagène et Chariclée). Les Belles Lettres.

MARCOVICH, M. (1992). Theodori Prodromi De Rhodantes et Dosiclis amoribus libri IX. Leipzig-Stuttgart.

O´SULLIVAN, J. N. (2005). Xenophon Ephesius de Anthia et Habrocome Ephesiacorum libri V. Teubner.

Referencias

ALMQVIST, O. (2021). “Beyond Oracular Ambiguity: Divination, Lies, and Ontology in Early Greek Literature”. Social Analysis: The International Journal of Anthropology, 65.2, 41–61.

AGAPITOS, P. A. (2006). “Writing, reading and reciting (in) Byzantine erotic fiction”. En MONDRAIN, B. (ed.), Lire et écrire à Byzance : [actes de la table ronde tenue à Paris à l’occasion du XXe Congrès international des études byzantines (pp. 125–176). Association des amis du Centre d’histoire et civilisation de Byzance.

BAJTÍN, M. (1989). Teoría y estética de la novela. (H. S. Kriukova y V. Cazcarra, Trads.) Taurus. (Originalmente publicado en 1975).

BARTOLETTI, T. (2016). “El oráculo griego en la época de la producibilidad escrita: la crisis de la autoridad mántica en Aves (960-996) de Aristófanes”. Cuadernos de Filología Clásica, Estudios griegos e indoeuropeos 26, 123-143.

CHANTRAINE, P. (1983). Morfología Histórica del griego. (A. E. Alarcón, Trads). Avesta S.A. (Originalmente publicado en 1961).

DE TEMMERMAN, K. & VAN EMDE BOAS, E. (eds.) (2018). Characterization in Ancient Greek Literature. Vol. 4. Brill.

DILLON, M. (2017). Omens and oracles: divination in ancient Greece. Routledge.

HÄGG, T. (2006). “The Ancient Greek Novel: A Single Model or a Plurality of Forms”. En F. MORETTI (ed.) The novel, Vol. 1 (pp. 125-155). Princeton University Press.

HEMSTERHUSIUS, T. (1733). “Notae et emendationes ad Xenophontem Ephesium. Lib. I”. Miscellaneae observationes in auctores veteres et recentiores 3.1, 402-422,

HOLZBERG, N. (2005). The Ancient Novel: An introduction. (C. Jackson-Holzberg, Trad.) Routledge. (Originalmente publicado en 1986).

JOUAN, F. (1991). “L’oracle, thérapeutique de l’angoisse”. Kernos 3, 11-28.

KAZHDAN, A. Y EPSTEIN, A. W. (1985). Change in Byzantine culture in eleventh and twelfth centuries. Berkeley.

KAZHDAN, A. (ed.) (1991). The Oxford Dictionay of Byzantium. Oxford University Press.

KIM, L. (2022). “Allegory, Recognition, and Identity: The Egyptian Homer in Context (3.11.5-15.1)” en REPATH, I. Y WHITMARSH, T. (eds.) Reading Heliodorus' Aethiopica (pp. 80-101). Oxford University Press.

LETOUBLON, F. (1993). Les lieux communs du roman. Stéréotypes grecs d´aventure et d´amour. Brill.

MACALISTER, S. (1996). Dreams and Suicides. The Greek novel from Antiquity to the Byzantine Empire. Routledge.

NIETO IBÁNEZ, J. M, (2014). “Plutarco y la crisis oracular del final del mundo antiguo” en GÓMEZ CARDÓ, P.; LEÂO, D.F Y DE OLIVEIRA SILVA, M. A. (eds.) Plutarco entre mundos, visôes de Esparta, Atenas e Roma (pp. 233-249). Universidad de Coimbra.

NILSSON, I. (2016). “Romantic Love in Rhetorical Guise: The Byzantine Revival of the Twelfth Century” en C. CUPANE AND B. KRÖNUNG (eds.), Fictional Storytelling in the Eastern Mediterranean and Beyond (pp. 39-66). Brill.

O’SULLIVAN, J. N. (1995). Xenophon of Ephesus: His Compositional Technique and the Birth of the Novel. De Gruyter.

PAPACONSTANTINOU, A. (1994). “Oracles chrétiens dans l’Egypte byzantine : le témoignage des papyrus”. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 104, 281-286.

PARKER, R. (2000). “Greek States and Greek Oracles” en BUXTON, R. (ed.) Oxford Reading on Greek Religion (pp. 76-108). Oxford University Press.

PORTALO GIL DE ARAUJO, M. C. (2022). “La religión en la novela griega: Análisis de las Efesíacas de Jenofonte de Éfeso”. Itálica: Revista para la Difusión de Jóvenes Investigadores del Mundo Antiguo, 4, 1-22.

ROUGEMONT, G. (2005). “Les oracles grecs recouraient-ils habituellement à l’ambiguïté volontaire?” En Basset, L. y Biville, F. (eds.) Les jeux et les ruses de l'ambiguïté volontaire dans les textes grecs et latins (pp. 219-235). Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée.

SIDERAS, A. (1999). “K. Plepelits, Theodoros Prodromos, Rhodanthe und Dosikles”. Göttingische Gelehrte Anzeigen 251, 202–228.

SOURVINOU-INWOOD, C. (2000). “What is polis religion?” en BUXTON, R. (ed.) Oxford Reading on Greek Religion (pp. 13-38). Oxford University Press.

STONEMAN, R. (2011) The Ancient Oracles: Making the Gods Speak. Yale University Press.

TAGLIABUE, A. C. F. (2011). Commentary on the first book of the Ephesiaca or Xenophon of Ephesus. (Tesis doctoral). Universidad de Swansea.

TISSI, L. M. (2019). “The Fortunes and Reception of Oracular Texts. Some Methodological Problems” en TISSI, L. M., SENG, H. Y TOMMASI C. O. (eds.) Stimmen der Götter Orakel und ihre Rezeption von den Spätantike bis in die Frühe Neuzeit (pp. 9-34). Universidad de Heidelberg.

WALSH, L. (2003). “The rhetoric of oracles”, Rhetoric Society Quaterly 33.3, 55-78.

WINKLER, J. (1980). “Lollianos and the desperadoes”. The Journal of Hellenic Studies, 100, 155–181.

ZEITLIN, F. (2008). “Religion” en WHITMARSH, T. (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to the Greek and Roman Novel (pp. 91-108). Cambridge University Press.

Published

2026-04-28

Issue

Section

Artículos

How to Cite

Oracular messages in Greek novels: religious element or narrative device?. (2026). Argos, 1(54), e0084. https://doi.org/10.14409/argos.2025.e0084

Most read articles by the same author(s)