Morbilidad neonatal asociada a diabetes gestacional en un centro perinatológico de Santa Fe
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14409/sigme.2023.1.e0004Keywords:
Gestational Diabetes, Neonatal Morbidity, Congenital DefectsAbstract
Gestational Diabetes (GD) is the most frequent metabolic alteration associated with pregnancy and the Child of a Gestational Diabetic Mother (CGDM) presents a greater probability of neonatal complications. The main objective of this work is to determine the prevalence of neonatal disorders in CGDM. We conducted this case-control study at the Perinatology Center of Santa Fe, from January 10th, 2017 to January 8th 2018. Population was made up of 254 patients: 127 newborns CGDM (cases) and 127 controls newborns CnDM (children of non-diabetic mothers). All newborns were examined by neonatologists and studied with color Doppler echocardiography. Neonatal complications were measured and compared in both groups. We observed: 1) Metabolic morbidity in exposed newborns: 25.9% vs 7.08%, OR: 4.6; 95%CI: 2.09-10.09), p<0.001. 2) Respiratory Morbidity 18.1% vs 7.08% OR: 2.85; 95% CI: 1.26-6.43) p<0.001. 3) Neonatal Hospitalization 26.6% vs 5.5% in the control group OR: 6, CI: 2.54-14.2, p= 0.0001. 4) Congenital defects, including congenital heart disease, no significant differences were observed between the groups studied. The most frequent metabolic disorder was Neonatal Hypoglycemia (11.8% vs 4.7%) OR: 2.7; CI: 1.01- 7.2 p= 0.04. Transient Respiratory Distress Syndrome (10.2 vs 3.1%) OR: 3.5 CI: 1.11-11.06) p=0.01. In summary: CGDMs presented greater metabolic and respiratory morbidity and neonatal hospitalization. GD is a prevalent disease, so it is necessary to approach these pregnant women comprehensively with adequate prenatal check-ups and the willingness of the health team for neonatal care.
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