Respuestas conductuales de vacas lecheras de alta producción durante el período cálido en un sistema automatizado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14409/fa.v21i2.12322Palabras clave:
Tambo robot, Semi-estabulado, Cuenca lechera santafesinaResumen
Durante los meses estivales (enero y febrero), en el tambo automatizado pastoril con sistema de refrigeración del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Rafaela, se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional con el objetivo registrar las conductas termorreguladoras en vacas lecheras de alta producción. Se seleccionaron 20 vacas multíparas para realizar el seguimiento de las conductas de echados, parados, rumia y locomoción. In sitú se registró la temperatura y la humedad para estimar el índice de temperatura y humedad. Con este índice se caracterizaron los días en severos y cálidos. Los resultados se analizaron estadísticamente con la prueba Chi-cuadrado. Se puede inferir que, a pesar de que el sistema cuenta con modificaciones ambientales (ventilación, aspersión y/o combinación), sólo el 31 y 49 % de las vacas destinaron tiempo a las conductas rumiando y echado rumiando.
Citas
Allen, J. D., L. W. Hall, R. J. Collier, & J. F. Smith. (2015). Effect of core body temperature, time of day, and climate conditions on behavioral patterns of lactating dairy cows experiencing mild to moderate heat stress. J. Dairy Sci. 98(1):118-127. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-7704.
Anderson, S. D., Bradford, B. J., Harner, J. P., Tucker, C. B., Choi, C. Y., Allen, J. D., Hall, L. W., Rungruang, S., Collier, R. J., & Smith, J. F. (2013). Effects of adjustable and stationary fans with misters on core body temperature and lying behavior of lactating dairy cows in a semiarid climate. J Dairy Sci. 96:4738–4750.
Angrecka, S., & Herbut, P. (2016). Impact of barn orientation on insolation and temperature of stalls surface. Ann Anim Sci. 16:887–896.
Angrecka, S., Herbut, P. (2017). Eligibility of lying boxes at different THI levels in a freestall barn. Ann Anim Sci. 17:257–269.
Baeta, F. C., Meador, N. F, Shanklin, M. D., & Johnson, H. D. (1987). Equivalent temperature index at temperatures above the thermoneutral for lactating dairy cows. ASAE Paper 87–4015. St. Joseph (MI): American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers.
Broucek, J., Uhrincat, M., Lendelova, J., Mihina, S., Hanus, A., Tancin, V., & Tongel, P. (2013). Effect of management change on selected welfare parameters of cows. Anim Sci Pap Rep. 31:195–203.
Brzozowska, A., Łukaszewicz, M., Sender, G., Kolasinska, D., & Oprza˛dek, J. (2014). Locomotor activity of dairy cows in relation to season and lactation. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 156:6–11.
Berman, A., Folman, Y. M., Kaim, M., Mamen, Z., Herz, D., Wolfenson, A., & Graber, Y., (1985). Upper critical temperatures and forced ventilation effects for high-yielding dairy cows in a tropical climate. J. Dairy Sci. 68, 488–495.
Bernabucci, U., N. Lacetera, L. H., Baumgard, R. P., Rhoads, B., Ronchi, A.& Nardone, A. (2010). Metabolic and hormonal acclimation to heat stress in domesticated ruminants. Animal 4(7):1167-1183. https://doi.org/10.1017/S175173111000090X.
Bohmanova, J., Misztal, I., & Cole, J. B. (2007). Temperature-humidity indices as indicators of milk production losses due to heat stress. J. Dairy Sci. 90(4):1947-1956. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2006-513.
Collier, R. J., Beede, D. K., Thatcher, W. W., Israel, L. A., & Wilcox, C. J., (1982). Influences of environment and its modifications on dairy animal health and production. J. Dairy Sci. 65, 2213–2227.
Conde, J. (2000). Mapa climático Koppen. https//www.terra.es/personal/jesusconde. Accessed November 25th 2007.
Cook, N. B., & Nordlund, K. V. (2004). Behavioral needs of the transition cow and considerations for special needs facility design. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 20:495–520.
Cook, N., Mentink, R., Bennett, T., & Burgi, K. (2007a). The effect of heat stress and lameness on time budgets of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 90(4):1674-1682. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2006-634.
Endres, M. I., & Barberg, A. E. (2007). Behavior of dairy cows in an alternative bedded-pack housing system. J Dairy Sci. 90:4192–4200.
Grant, R. J. (2006). Incorporating dairy cow behavior into management tools. Penn State Dairy Cattle Nutrition Workshop; University Park, PA. p. 31–41
Horky, P. (2014). Effect of protein concentrate supplement on the qualitative and quantitative parameters of milk from dairy cows in organic farming. Ann Anim Sci. 14:341–352.
Herbut, P., Bieda, W., & Angrecka, S. (2015). Influence of hygrothermal conditions on milk production in a free stall barn during hot weather. Anim Sci Pap Rep. 33:49–58.
Herbut, P. & Angrecka, S. (2018) Relationship between THI level and dairy cows’ behaviour during summer period. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 2018 VOL. 17, NO. 1, 226–233.
Herbut, P., & Angrecka, S. (2014). Ammonia concentrations in a free-stall dairy barn. Ann Anim Sci. 14:153–166.
Horky, P., Skladanka, J., Nevrkla, P., Falta, D., Caslavova, I., & Knot, P. (2017). Effect of protein concentrate supplementation on the composition of amino acids in milk from dairy cows in an organic farming system. Potr. 11:88–95.
INFOSTAT versión 2020. Centro. de Transferencia. de InfoStat. FCA, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Arg.
Kadzere, C. T., Murphy, M. R., Silanikove, N., & Maltz, E., (2002). Heat stress in lactating dairy cows: a review. Livest. Prod. Sci. 77, 59–91.
Kominkova, M., Horky, P., Cernei, N., Tmejova, K., Ruttkay Nedecky, B., Guran, R., Pohanka, M., Zitka, O., Adam, V., & Kizek R. (2015). Optimization of the glutathione detection by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection in the brain and liver of rats fed with taurine. Int J Electrochem Sci. 10:1716–1727.
Mader, T. L., Hungerford, L. L., Nienaber, J. A., Buhman, M. J., Davis, M. S., Hahn, G. L., Cerkoney, W. M., & Holt, S. M. (2001). Heat stress mortality in Midwest feedlots. J Anim Sci 79 (Suppl. 2), 33.
Martin, P., Bateson, P. 2007. La medición del comportamiento. Alianza Universidad. Versión española de Fernando Colmenares, 3° edición. Ed. Alianza. Madrid - España. Pp:215 https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511810893
Nardone, A., Ronchi, B., Lacetera, N., Ranieri, M.S. & Bernabucci, U. (2010). Effects of climate changes on animal production and sustainability of livestock systems. Livestock Science 130, 57–69.
Norring, M., Manninen, E., de Passille, A.M., Rushen, J., Munksgaard, L., & Saloniemi, H. (2008). Effects of sand and straw bedding on the lying behavior, cleanliness, and hoof and hock injuries of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 91:570–576.
NRC (National Research Council). (2001). Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th rev. ed. National Academy of Science Press, Washington, DC.
O´sterman, S., & Redbo, I., (2001). Effects of milking frequency on lying down and getting up behaviour in dairy cows. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 70, 167–176.
Purwanto, B. P., Abo, Y., Sakamoto, R., Furumoto, F., & Yamamoto, S., (1990). Diurnal patterns of heat production and HR under thermoneutral conditions in Holstein Friesian cows differing in milk production. J. Agric. Sci. (Camb.) 114, 139–142.
Radon, J., Bieda, W., Lendelova, J., & Pogran, S. (2014). Computational model of heat exchange between dairy cow and bedding. Comput Electron Agric. 107:29–37.
Rulquin, H., & Caudal, J. P. (1992). Effects of lying or standing on mammary blood flow and heart rate of dairy cows. Ann Zootech. 41:101.
Sejian, V., Malik, I. H., Soren, P. K., Mech, N. M., Mishra, A., & Ravindra, J. P. (2015). Chapter 3: Strategies for alleviating abiotic stress in livestock. In: Malik PK, Bhatta R, Takahashi J, Kohn RA, Prasad CS, editors. Livestock production and climate change. Wallingford: CABI Publishing; p. 25–60.
Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (SMN). 2022. Estadisticas Climaticas Normales 1981-2010. https://www.smn.gob.ar/
Soriani, N., Panella, G. & Calamari, L., (2013). Rumination time during the summer season and its relationships with metabolic conditions and milk production. Journal of Dairy Science 96, 5082–5094.
Steensels, M., Bahr, C., Berckmans, D., Halachmi, I., Antler, A., & Maltz, E. (2012). Lying patterns of high producing healthy dairy cows after calving in commercial herds as affected by age, environmental conditions and production. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 136:88–95.
Tapki, I., & Sahin, A. (2006). Comparison of the thermoregulatory behaviours of low and high producing dairy cows in a hot environment. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 99:1-11 12.
Thom, E. C. (1959). The discomfort index. Weatherwise, 12:57–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/00431672.1959.9926960
Toffoli, G. D., Leva, P. E. & García, M. S. (2016). Régimen agroclimático de olas de calor en dos localidades del centro santafesino. XVII Reunión Argentina de Agrometeorología. Merlo, San Luis. Argentina.
Tolkamp, B. J., Haskell, M. J., Langford, F. M., Roberts, D. J., & Morgan, C. A. (2010). Are cows more likely to lie down the longer they stand? Appl Anim Behav Sci. 124:1–10.
Tousova, R., Duchacek, J., Stadnik, L., Ptacek, M., & Pokorna, S. (2017). Influence of temperature-humidity relations during years on milk production and quality. Acta Univ Agric Silvic Mendel Brun. 65:211–218.
Tucker, C. B., Weary, D. M., & Fraser, D. (2003). Effects of three types of free-stall surfaces on preferences and stall usage by dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 86:521–529.
Vasseur, E., Rushen, J., Haley, D. B., & de Passille, A. M. (2012). Sampling cows to assess lying time for on-farm animal welfare assessment. J Dairy Sci. 95:4968–4977.
West, J. W. (2003). Effects of Heat-Stress on Production in Dairy Cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 86(6):2131-2144. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302 (03)73803-X.
Zimbelman, R. B., Rhoads, R. P., Rhoads, M. L., Duff, G. C., Baumgard, L. H. & Collier, R. J. (2009). A re-evaluation of the impact of temperature humidity index (THI) and black globe humidity index (BGHI) on milk production in high producing dairy cows. Proceedings of the Southwest Nutrition Conference (ed. RJ Collier). University of Arizona. pp. 158-169.
