Intervención, deuda externa y la conformación del orden espacial en América Latina

El bloqueo de Venezuela revisitado, 1902-1903

Authors

  • Fabia Fernandes Carvalho Veçoso Melbourne Law Shool

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14409/es.v59i2.8853

Keywords:

Principio de no intervención, historia del derecho internacional, regionalismo latinoamericano, doctrina drago, deuda externa

Abstract

This contribution re-describes the 1902-3 Venezuelan Blockade and the legal discussions on intervention and sovereign debt in the Americas. The main objective is to assess the legal interpretation developed by Luis Maria Drago to invalidate the forceful collection of debts under international law. The legal treatment of intervention in the region in the beginning of the twentieth century involved an assemblage of political and economic issues – the operation and reconstitution of the Monroe Doctrine and the legal discussions on
the lawfulness of the use of force to collect debts. The focus on sovereign debt opens space for broader interrogations on the role of states in protecting common interests in political communities, and the ways in which armed interventions can be legally justified to that end.  Drago’s reactions to the Venezuelan Blockade show in detail the stakes of the Latin American commitment to the idea of non-intervention.

References

ARCHIVO HISTORICO DE CANCILLERÍA (1917): Doctrina de Drago, 4 volúmenes, Buenos Aires, Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto.

BECKER LORCA, ARNULF (2014): Mestizo International Law: a global intellectual history 1842-1933, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

BÉRTOLA, LUIS; OCAMPO, JOSÉ ANTONIO (2013), El desarrollo económico de América Latina desde la Independencia, México, Fondo de Cultura Económica.

BORCHARD, EDWIN (1913): «Basic elements of diplomatic protection of citizens abroad», en: The American Journal of International Law, nº 7.3, pp. 497-520.
BULMER-THOMAS, VICTOR (2014), The Economic History of Latin America Since Independence, 3º ed., New York, Cambridge University Press.

CORPORATION OF FOREIGN BONDHOLDERS (1905): Thirty-Second Annual Report of the Council of the Corporation of Foreign Bondholders for the year 1904-1905, London, Wertheimer, Lea and CO.

CORTE PERMANENTE DE ARBITRAJE (1904) : Recueil des Actes et Protocoles Concernant le Litige entre l'Allemagne, l'Angleterre et l'Italie d'une Part et le Venezuela d'autre Part. Tribunal d'arbitrage Constitue en Vertu des Protocols Signes à Washington, le 7 Mai 1903 entre les Puissances Susmentionnées, La Haye, Septembre 1903-Fevrier 1904.

DRAGO, LUIS MARIA (1903): La República Argentina y el caso de Venezuela. Documentos, juicios y comentarios relacionados con la nota pasada al ministro argentino en Washington, Buenos Aires, Imprenta y Casa Editora De Coni Hermanos.

DRAGO, LUIS MARIA (1907a): «Argentine Republic: Ministry of Foreign Relations and Worship», en: The American Journal of International Law, nº 1.1, Supplement: Official Documents, pp. 1-6.

DRAGO, LUIS MARIA (1907b): «State Loans and their relation to International Policy», en: The American Journal of International Law, nº 3.1, pp. 692-726.

FABELA, ISIDRO (1946): La Doctrina Drago, México, Secretaria de Educación Pública.

FEIS, HERBERT (1964): Europe the World’s Banker 1870-1914. An account of European Foreign Investment and the connection of world finance with diplomacy before the war, New York, Augustus M. Kelley.

FINNEMORE, MARTHA (2003), The Purpose of Intervention. Changing beliefs about the use of force, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press.

FISHLOW, ALBERT (1995): «Latin American Nineteenth Century Public Debt: Theory and Practice», en: Liehr, Reinhard (ed.). La deuda pública en América Latina en perspectiva histórica, Frankfurt am Main, Vervuert; Madrid, Iberoamericana, pp. 23-45.

FISHLOW, ALBERT (1985): «Lessons from the past: capital markets during the 19th century and the interwar period», en: International Organization, nº 39.3, pp. 383-439.

GALLO, EZEQUIEL (1972): El Gobierno de Santa Fe vs. El Banco de Londres y Río de la Plata (1876), Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones Sociales, Instituto Torcuato Di Tella.

GREENMAN, KATHRYN (2018): «Aliens in Latin America: Intervention, Arbitration and State Responsibility for Rebels», en: Leiden Journal of International Law, nº 31.3, Leiden, pp. 617-639.

KOSKENNIEMI, MARTTI (2005): From Apology to Utopia. The structure of international legal argument. Reissue with new epilogue, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

MARICHAL, CARLOS (1989): A century of debt crisis in Latin America. From independence to the Great Depression 1920-1930, Princeton, Princeton University Press.

MARICHAL, CARLOS (2014): História mínima de la deuda externa de Latinoamérica 1820-2010, México, El Colegio de México.

NISSEL, TZVIKA ALAN (2016): A history of State Responsibility: the struggle for international standards (1870-1960), Doctorado, Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Helsinki.

PLATT, DESMOND C. M. (1962): «The allied coercion of Venezuela, 1902-3 – A Reassessment», en: Inter-American Economic Affairs, nº 15, pp. 3-28.

ORFORD, ANNE (2012): «In Praise of Description», en: Leiden Journal of International Law, nº 25.3, pp. 609–25.
RIPPY, J. FRED (1966): British Investments in Latin America, 1822-1949. A case study in the operations of private enterprise in retarded regions, reprint with permission, Hamden, Archon Books.

SCARFI, JUAN PABLO (2017): The Hidden History of International Law in the Americas. Empire and Legal Networks, New York, Oxford University Press.

STONE, IRVING (1968): «British Long-Term Investment in Latin America, 1865-1913», en: The Business History Review, nº 42.3

Published

2020-08-07

How to Cite

Fernandes Carvalho Veçoso, F. (2020). Intervención, deuda externa y la conformación del orden espacial en América Latina: El bloqueo de Venezuela revisitado, 1902-1903. Estudios Sociales, 59(2), 41–62. https://doi.org/10.14409/es.v59i2.8853