Bombartivism, transgressing heteronormativity

Abstract

This article presents various subversive processes and manifestations against the binary sex-gender system that have emerged since the 1990s within Puerto Rican bomba (the oldest Afro-Puerto Rican musical genre), aiming to create and foster inclusive spaces and behaviors that respect human diversity. Through the transgression of numerous heteronormative, patriarchal, and misogynistic elements that defined bomba practice before the 1990s, new possibilities for participation and expression have emerged, which were previously restricted by the designation of roles to certain gender identities. Contemporary Puerto Rican bomba serves as a tool for education, inclusion, and respect for diversity; but above all, as a liberating element and expression of resistance against the oppression generated by patriarchy, misogyny, and the heteronormative sex-gender system.